设Y=2^X,则4^2=Y,因为X有实数根,∴Y有实数根,原方程化为:Y^2-aY+(a+1)=0,Δ=a^2-4(a+1)=(a-2)^2-8≥0,|a-2|≥2√2,a≥2+2√2或a≤2-2√2.